Golgi apparatus

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It's a mebrane-bound organelle of eukaryotic cells (cells with clearly defined nuclei) that is made up of a series of flattened, stacked pouches(=bags) called cisternae. The Golgi apparatus is responsible for transporting, modifying, and packaging proteins and lipids into vesicles(=bubbles) for delivery to targeted destinations. It is located in the cytoplasm next to the endoplasmic reticulum and near the cell nucleus. While many types of cells contain only one or several Golgi apparatus, plant cells can contain hundreds. Soluble and secretory proteins leaving the Golgi apparatus undergo exocytosis. The secretion of soluble proteins occurs constitutively. In contrast, the exocytosis of secretory proteins is a highly regulated process, in which a ligand must bind to a receptor to trigger vesicle fusion and protein secretion.

exocytosis [ˌɛksə(ʊ)sʌɪˈtəʊsɪs] = a process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane

secretory protein = any protein which is secreted by a cell, important for maintaining cell–cell communication and proliferation (hormones, enzymes, toxins, antimicrobial peptides)

ligand = a molecule that binds to another (usually larger) molecule

constitutively = BIOCHEMISTRY formed continuously, irrespective of the cell's needs

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