Basic Carpentry Terms | Part 1
1️⃣ Beam
A beam is a horizontal structural element that supports the weight of the building. It’s typically made of wood, steel, or concrete and plays a crucial role in distributing loads from the roof or upper floors down to the foundation. Beams are used to construct floors, ceilings, and roofs. In a house frame, for example, beams hold up the floor and roof structures, ensuring they remain level and sturdy (=flat and strong).
2️⃣ Joist
A joist is a horizontal support that runs parallel to the beams and supports the load of the floor or ceiling. It’s commonly made of wood, steel, or engineered materials and is spaced evenly to provide a stable framework. Joists support floorboards in a flooring system, maintaining the floor’s structural integrity(=wholeness) and preventing sagging (=drooping down from weight).
3️⃣ Stud
A stud is a vertical framing member within a wall that helps support the structure. Studs are usually made of wood or metal and form a framework to which drywall or other wall materials are attached. Studs provide a secure frame for attaching drywall(=plasterboard), insulation, and other materials. They are installed at regular intervals to ensure the wall can support doors, windows, and fixtures.
4️⃣ Plumb
Plumb refers to an object’s vertical alignment(=position). If something is plumb, it means it is perfectly vertical or perpendicular to the ground, ensuring the structure is balanced and straight. Carpenters frequently check if walls, posts, and beams are plumb during construction to ensure proper installation, such as when hanging a door frame.
5️⃣ Level
Level refers to an object’s horizontal alignment. If something is level, it is perfectly parallel to the ground, ensuring even surfaces like floors, countertops(=a flat surface for working on, especially in a kitchen), and shelves. Carpenters use levels to ensure surfaces are perfectly horizontal. For instance, when installing kitchen cabinets, checking for level ensures the cabinets sit evenly, preventing items from rolling off.
See also
Types of carpentry work | Part 1
Construction Materials | Part 1
How to Raise a Stud Wall (https://t.me/espedition/152)